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Microplastics Detected Deep Within Human Bones and Bone Marrow
Sam Garcia
November 26, 2025
A recent review published in the journal Osteoporosis International highlights the detection of microplastics deep within human bones and bone marrow, suggesting potential adverse effects on skeletal health.
The comprehensive review analyzed 62 scientific articles, indicating that microplastics have been found in human bones, cartilage, and intervertebral discs, with an average of several dozen particles per gram of bone. A separate study specifically detected microplastics in all 16 human bone marrow samples examined, with an average concentration of 51.29 µg/g. Common polymers identified include polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyadiohexylenediamine 66 (PA66), and polypropylene (PP).
Researchers suggest that microplastics can enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption, circulate in the bloodstream, and subsequently accumulate in bone tissues and bone marrow. Once present, these particles may impact bone health in several ways:
Cellular damage and inflammation In vitro studies on bone tissue cells demonstrate that microplastics can impair cell viability, accelerate cell aging, alter cell differentiation, and promote inflammation.
Disruption of bone metabolism Microplastics have the potential to disturb bone marrow metabolism.
Weakened bones and increased fracture risk Animal studies have linked microplastic exposure to bone weakening, deformities, increased fracture risk, and interruptions in skeletal growth. They can also negatively affect bone marrow stem cell function and encourage the formation of osteoclasts—cells responsible for bone tissue breakdown—which may lead to bone resorption and a weakening of the skeleton.
While the presence of microplastics in human bones and bone marrow is confirmed, further research is needed to fully understand their long-term clinical implications, the extent of exposure that causes harm, who is most susceptible, and which types of particles pose the greatest risk.